PLANT POTATOES
An inmate was aware that all prison mail passes through censors. When he got a letter from his wife asking about the family garden — “Honey, when do I plant potatoes?” — he wrote back, “Do not, under any circumstances, dig up our old garden spot. That’s where I buried all my guns.”
Within days his wife wrote back, “Six investigators came to the house. They dug up every square inch of the back yard.”
By return mail she got his answer: “now is the time to plant potatoes.”
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HOT AND COLD
Isang Pinoy at Kano ang nagpapasikatan:
KANO: Sa amin sa Amerika ay napakalamig. Tuwing sasapit and winter, kinakailangang ilagay ang mga baka sa kuwartong may heater para hindi lumabas na ice cream ang kanilang gatas.
PINOY: Wala yan sa ‘Pinas. Sa amin ay napakainit tuwing summer kaya kinakailangang paypayan ang mga inahing manok para hindi lumabas na hard boiled and kanilang itlog.
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WHAT A FAITH
It was “sharing time” in a kindergarten class full of bright children. The teacher was presiding over a discussion about the children’s fathers and mothers.
One child said, “Well, my mother’s a Catholic and my father’s a Jew.
“Oh, wow!” said another. “So what do you believe in?”
“I believe in everything!” said the first child.
“Well, you know,” said the first child, “Jesus Christ, Moses, Snow White… everything!”
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BUWAN O ARAW
Dalawang lassengero ang susuray-suray na naglalakad pauwi.
JUAN: Pare, mag-uumaga na. Magagalit na naman ang mga asawa natin.
PEDRO: Oo nga, pare. Ginabi na naman tayo. Tingnan mo ang liwanag na ng sikat ng buwan.
JUAN: Pare naman, hindi ‘yan buwan kundi araw.
Pinagtalunan nila ang bagay na ito nang may isang mamang dumaan.
PEDRO: Para matapos na ‘to, halika tanungin natin itong mama.
JUAN: Bosing, puwede bang tulungan mo kami? Ano ba yan, bosing?
(sabay turo sa ‘taas)
BOSING: Pare, alin sa tatlo na yan???
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ASHES
A young man visited his friend. When he got to his friend’s place, he noticed the messy table.
FRIEND: Excuse the mess. Those are grandpa’s ashes.
YOUNG MAN: (shocked) You mean he was cremated?
FRIEND: No, just too lazy to get an ashtray.
MAGKANO?
Isang lasing ang sumakay sa jeep pabiyaheng Kaloocan. Ganito ang naging usapan nila ng tsuper ng jeep:
TSUPER: (Nang iabot sa kanya ang limang piso ng lasing na pasahero) Saan galing ‘to?
LASING: Sa bulsa ko.
TSUPER: Eh, san sumakay ‘to?
LASING: Eh, di sa jeep mo!
Nainis ang tsuper pero hindi niya ipinahalata at nang bumaba ang lasing na pasahero sa Grace Park at ibinigay sa kanya ng tsuper ang sukli….
LASING: Bakit? Magkano ba nag Monumento?
TSUPER: Ewan ko, itanong mo sa Presidente baka ipagbili sa’yo.
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PALAY O KANIN
Pinagmamasdan ng dalawang magkaibigan ang mga kalapating kumakain ng palay.
DARWIN: Ano sa palagay mo pare, kumakain kaya nag mga Kalahari ng kanin?
MOISES: Ewan ko pare, pero sa palagay ko hindi.
DARWIN: Bakit mo naman nasabing hindi?
MOISES: Kasi hanggang ngayon hindi ko pa sila nagkikitang nagsasaing.
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WRITE YOUR NAME
Two little boys had misbehaved all day and were told by the teacher to remain after school and write their names 100 times as punishment. One boy begun writing as told but the other merely sat at his desk and sulked.
TEACHER: Why aren’t you writing your name?LITTLE BOY: It’s not fair. His name is JC and my name is Chadban
BETRAYED FRIENDSHIP
Evangeline
You are applying for a position
In this well known institution
The very first time we met
The trust and loyalty I set
Even I know am impulsive
To judge you without censorship.
The first phase a happiness
Considering things I guess
Even seeing you create a mess
That I thought were none of my business
But a heart full of concern
Defending you like a lantern!
But in the end you gave
Unending feeling of grave
Destroying behind me,
Telling lies pointing to me,
Telling rotten things about me
That I am not aware really!
I know now who you really are
An intelligent great pretender
In fact I regarded you as a gem
But now I know you as a germ
That spreading hurtful disease
Hurting a lot of masses.
You are now begging me to forgive
Who am I to still resist
Even our great Savior did
To his fellow creature indeed!
But one thing I cannot give
The lost trust you deceive!
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WHY?
- J2 -
I. Why did God let me know you
When I have to suffer a love that is untrue?
Why did He let me feel the pain?
When you left and made me feel like insane;
II. Why did I let you entered my life
When the time came and you’re out of my sight,
Why did I placed you in my heart
When you did things that made me hurt?
III. Why did I believed in your words?
Words that made my days smile not worse,
But I’ve learned those are only lies
That made tears ran down from my eyes;
IV. Why did you get angry?
With just a simple mistake you were to see,
Why do I humble myself?
When misunderstanding struck ourselves?
V. Why do I keep on remembering
Our memories since our first meeting?
Why am I still hoping?
For us to start again a new beginning.
VI. Why can’t I forget what you’ve said
Words like “I love you” not “I hate you” instead
Why can’t I let go of our past
For me to move on and forget your love that never lasts;
VII. Why do until now I still think of you?
Coz things around me remind of you
Why am I still loving you
In spite of what we’ve been through
VIII. So I’m asking God to bring me back to you
Coz I can’t really forget you,
I pray that my heartfelt message in this poem.
Will let you know that is still love you so!
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MY STUPIDITY
I was wondering why
When I was dreaming ‘bout you
You were dreaming of me
That shows similarities of you and me
But that dreams came to an end
When reality shocks me when it came
Just call me crazy, call me blind
To still be suffering is stupid
After all this time
Did I lose my love to someone better?
Someone whom you love and care
But does she love you like I do?
The way I really love and care for you.
I have been lonely since the day you went away
I have been crying’ all the way
But life must go on and I won’t stick to one.
But how could I carry on
If stupidity is my passion?
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BROKEN HEARTED EVER!!!
- Loyddeeguevara @ company.com -
Losing you is the craziest thing
I’ve ever experienced… no that
I’m alone and you are gone, I will
Not cry because it ends but I will just
Smile because it happened.
Somehow I felt the feeling of beside you
I’m thankful to God, that’s a dream
Came true. But now I am all
Alone.. waiting for you from dusk
Till dawn…
Now that I’m down and so frustrated,
But somehow I felt the feeling of being blessed.
Now all I do is treasure the memories
Especially the day you say… I LOVE YOU!
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YOU’RE MORE THAN A FRIEND
- Loyddeeguevara @ company.com –
I tried to find someone that can replace you
but it never woks.
I refuse to believe that it was love…
But my heart is shouting that “its you.”
How can I overcome this sacred feelings for you
Because it is stupid to fall in love with a friend like you…
It will make our relationship go in blue
When I’ll do what my heart is feeling so…
I’m afraid to reveal this feelings
Coz I know that you’re serious and will surely get mad…
But your smiles are so different to me…
I lost my sense and makes my heart beats faster!
I tried to get rid of you, but I can’t do it
Because you’re always right there for me…
So all I can say is…
Please… DO LOVE ME TOO..
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MY BROTHER’S IDENTITY
- Loyddeeguevara @ company.com -
I. Once I had this brother of mine
Who used to be called a notorious brat
For he does nothing, he’s just there
Playing, giggling. He doesn’t care about anything.
II. He keeps on annoying and teasing me
He always makes my a disaster one
Whenever I tell him to do his task
He answers, “Do it yourself, I’m too young for that work.”
III. Years gone, there were many changes between I and my brother
He was not that atrocious brat anymore.
His actions suits his being a guy.
IV. He decides things for himself
He knows already his responsibilities
I won’t prevail works for him
He stands and set decision form as honorable men are doing.
V. I was happy for that little brat had gown much….
But one day I was informed that he went away!
I cried all day, all night;
I keep on asking myself, Why???
VI. I felt inflicting pain, yes! It was scathing
Coz I thought this sibling of mine will be a great help
And inspiration for us. I have many dreams and aspirations for him
But all were ruined by him.
VII. Days passed by, I still can’t skip for that happening
I don’t know yet the pretense. Why he did that thing?
Tears keep falling down my cheeks as I remember our old memories,
Our laughers and our bonding as brother s and sister!
VIII. I don’t want to let him go of our way
But I can’t do anything, I was not home when he got away
And it hurts me too much coz he never bid farewell to me,
Though its hard I’ve decided to let him go coz we must have to do so…
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MY FRIEND
- JyTaNñEa -
I. I have a friend named BJ
Whom I met in my life’s journey
He used to be my greatest enemy
Until the time I realized he saved me;
II. BJ gives light to my dull life
All my wrongs, he makes them right
Though things seem difficult for me
With him, they’re possible and easy;
III. When at times I feel lonely
He makes jokes that are funny
When I’m upset and down
He raises me up and dress me like a clown;
IV. When trials assail
He gives strength and he never fails
When Satan deceives and temptations come,
He gives fortitude to fight the devil’s harm;
V. BJ is my sunshine in my dark paths
When I’m in trouble, he’s my deliverance
When sickness and pain I suffer
He’s my only hope and great healer;
VI. My life will never be the same
Since the time BJ came
I know that he loves me since then
Coz he’s my savior, my life and my friend!
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“LIFE?”
- Edrienne -
I. Have you ever asked yourself
Why God had given you breath?
Why do you have to suffer
A life that is miserable?
II. Why it is that life is turning?
Sometimes you’re up, sometimes you’re down
Why does life seems always crying?
When things come and go that hurt you so;
III. Why is life full of tragedies?
Things happen that we don’t expect
Why is life ever-changing
Things change without even noticing;
IV. Why do you have to be hurt
When loving someone with all your heart?
Why do you experience bruteness
When what you do is goodness?
V. Why do innocence have to suffer
When justice becomes unjust and improper?
Why do some experience poverty
When other are rich because they are greedy?
VI. Life is really unexplainable,
It is also adventurous and unpredictable
But pal, always bear in your mind
That your questions’ answers are nowhere to find;
VII. But I say, that in knowing God you’ll find the answer
Coz since the beginning He is our creator
He created me and you, to experience life that is true;
He put you here on earth to live a life that is worth!
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STUDENT’S LIFE
Eva
Student’s life, student’s life!
Sometimes good, sometimes bad
Sometimes happy, sometimes gloomy
Sometimes free, sometimes busy!
Being a student is a responsibility
To make worth in class ability
For your own sake in the future
To do duties with flying colors!
How difficult really it is
To be in such an avoiding crisis
To be hurrying in making thesis,
Studying for an incoming quiz.
Examination is fact approaching
Some students busy studying,
Some students keep on goin’
To what we call as “jamming”
Results are shown,
Excitements are blown
To those who are easy-go-born
For not doing good I’ve know!
Responsible one’s smiling
Surely they are achieving
Their goals to attain
For good future life to maintain!
Not a bad to a little
Not a bad to a simple
Not a bad to mingle
Not a bad to love and cycle
Problems seems so many
Self-confidence is necessary
To think a possible way
To solve it in a simple way
Life is real, life is earned
Don’t use it in gossips
Use it in good and wise things
To your study as worth remembering
Do your best out to it
God will do the rest of it
To be successful in your age
Is the author’s simple message!
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IMPERFECTION
RhenZ
I am not perfect
I am only human
Livin’ on the planet Erath
Humans are not perfect
Never have been
And never will be
I don’t always wear
the right clothes
And I don’t always find
myself so pretty
Sometimes my memory
fails me
I can’t ramp as a
fashion model
I can’t always fulfill what
people expect of me
but there’s no one else
like ME
in the whole wide world
I am unique, I am a miracle!
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WAITING FOR NOTHING
RhenZ
Each morning when I wake up
I’m longing for love
I’m like a lost sheep
Who needs someone to guide me?
Like a child waiting
For the love and touch of a parent
But since you left me
I’ve waited for you to reach me
Waiting for you ……………..
But you never came.
How many days had passed by?
And still I’m empty
Don’t know the real meaning of LOVE
Until now I’m waiting for you……..
I ask myself…………
Is love really what makes life complete?
LOVE is everything?
Or is it destructive?
Another day passed
Still….. empty and lonely
It’s like I never felt that I was loved
Here I am alone not knowing how to love
To show the affection with
Sincere emotion
I am still waiting for you
COME NOW AND FILL MY HEART AND SOUL
So that I will know again how to be loved
And the real meaning of LOVE!
v Count your blessings, not your troubles.
You’ll make it through whatever comes along;
Within you are so many answers;
Understand, have courage, be strong.
v Nothing wastes more energy that worrying,
The longer one carries a problem, the heavier it gets
Don’t take things too seriously,
Live a life of serenity, not a life of regrets.
v Remember that a little love goes a long way,
Remember that a lot… goes forever;
Remember that friendship is a wise investment;
Life’s treasure are people… together.
v Realize that it’s never too late,
Do ordinary things in an extraordinary way…
Have health and hope and happiness,
Take that tome to wish upon a star.
v Happiness cannot be found
When you seek it yourself
But when you give it to others,
Then it will find its way back to you.
v You don’t have to be perfect to let somebody love you
The way you wanted to be loved!
Always remember that being SIMPLE is the most perfect way to make someone fall in love with you…
v Do not spoil what you have by desiring what you do not have;
But remember that what you have right now was once among the things others hoped for…
v Measuring life by what others do to you may disappoint you.
But measuring life by what you do for others will add more meaning to your life.
v Your presence is a present to the world,
You’re unique and one of a kind,
Your life can be what you want it to be,
Take the days just one at a time.
v Don’t put limits on yourself,
So many dreams are waiting to be realized.
Decisions are too important to leave to chance.
Reach for your peak, your goal, your prize.
EXTRA! EXTRA!
WATCH IT OUT FOR A BETTER HEALTH
Basic things that should be found in a medicine cabinet for emergencies if ever are as follows:
PLASTIC BANDAGES ~ instant covering for minor cuts and wounds
GAUZE BANDAGES ~ to cover large grazes, deep cuts and wounds.
ADHESIVE TAPE ~ to keep gauze bandages in place.
ANTIBIOTIC CREAM ~ for more sever cuts and scrapes.
INFANT DOSING SPOON ~ for giving the correct dosage of medication to an infant.
BABY OIL ~ for tasks requiring lubrication, also for cleaning navels.
COTTON SWABS & ALCOHOL ~ for cleaning wounds, ears, face and many more… also for applying medication.
SCISSORS ~ used for cutting tapes and gauzes.
ORAL THERMOMETER ~ for taking body temperature of older member of the family.
RECTAL THERMOMETER ~ it is dangerous for infants to use an oral thermometer as they don’t know yet how to hold one in their mouths. This is a must for them.
ACETAMINOPHEN ~ for reducing pain and fever.
CARING FOR SICK PERSONS
Ø When caring for a patient at home, make sure the surrounding is clean, pleasant and comfortable. A person, especially a child, can quickly become bored and despondent in a drab room. Brighten the room by hanging colorful plasters or pictures.
Ø Give some materials like newspapers, books etc for him to be entertained to ease boredom. Just make sure you don’t keep it for hours since it can strain the eyes and cause headache.
Ø Most children constantly demand attention so give a time for you to play with them.
Ø Always carry out the doctor’s instructions or advices exactly. Give the right amount of prescribed medicine at the right time. Before giving medicine don’t forget to read the label on the bottle to check its contents and be sure to keep it out of children’s reach.
Ø Take the patient’s temperature at regular intervals, in the mouth or under the arm, using a clinical thermometer. This way you can tell if you still have to administer medicine.
KASC INTRAMURALS 2007:
BELIEVE IN THE POWER OF KARMA
By Maria Phoenix Choa
The 2007 Intramurals of Kalinga-Apayao State College had wrapped up in a manner not praise worthy. The Intramurals was shrouded by cheating, indiscrimination and acts of selfishness at high places.
The contingent of athletes of the Institute of Arts and Sciences had come in strong and powerful during the said event as evident by the many wins of the institute but ended up as 3rd placers in the over-all ranking of the said intramurals.
The question then arises as to how it happened and what went wrong during the intramurals? We could say that the Institute of Arts and Sciences had been treated unfairly and were greatly discriminated. They were not given the chance to claim what they rightfully deserved. IAS had won many major events and had dominated the track and field events that everybody knows. But still they were denied their rights to be declared as the champions of the 2007 KASC Intramurals. This is due to the selfish acts and intentions of many individuals involved in the decision-making whom according to my point of view don’t want the IAS to take their positions as the champions. The point system that was used was not only absurd, it’s totally illogical. They have ranked the different institute according to the points of their winning events in the track and field events but afterwards they gave it equivalent points that narrowed the big difference in the first computation of the raw scores garnered by the winning institutes to only a five points difference. They have given points to the individual events as if it is it was a major game. Individual games are individual games. You can never level it with major games. It’s ridiculous to give an equivalent point for the total scores of all the won individual events as if it was a basketball or volleyball event. The athletes of the individual events had worked hard and alone to win and gain the championship. They had no one to rely to but themselves, whereas, in a major or group event, everybody in the team should work together in order to win. It is my first time to encounter such kind of point system and I am wondering where it came from. I was an athlete once in high school, though few would believe it and I know how point system works. Even in Olympics, they used the point system that gives the equivalents point to a certain event according to their ranking then compute it. Whoever team garnered the highest points in all the contested events of the individuals games, they were declared as the champions. That is why most Olympic athletes always strive hard to place firsts and attain the gold medal in all the individual events because it will ensure their victory in the over-all ranking system.
According to gathered information, comments and criticisms, the recently held Intramurals was a big scam. Whoever had encounter that a declared champion in sports competition had a single gold and the second placers won less gold than the 3rd placers who had garnered 15 gold medals? It is only in KASC that I had encountered such things. It is ridiculous. It is absurd and it is very illogical. It is a form of cheating and discrimination at high places. Others blamed the people involved in the decision-making of what point system to use. Some blamed the system that was used in determining the winners of the said occasion. But whoever or whatever it is to blame, the past Intramurals had made an impression to the mind of the students of IAS that there is nothing fair and just when personal interest and hidden motivations are involved.
The intramurals 2007 is an affair to be remembered that will always bring sadness and anger to the students and instructors of IAS. What had happened was unacceptable. IAS had taken the blow too hard and it is a matter of time before this is forgotten. It was a direct slap to the face of every IAS students and instructors. It was an insult and embarrassment that can not be taken lightly. And it will forever linger in the minds of the students that reality really struck hard. There is no place on earth wherein you can find equality and fairness among men and few are those people who put the virtue of honesty, fairness, justness and equality as their principles in life.
To those and to that who have prevented us, denied us of claiming what is rightfully ours, may you have peace of minds. Just remember that whatever you have done to others, it will come back unto you. Believe in the power of KARMA because it is true.
We have been put down literally but we accepted the injustices and unfairness with humble hearts and peaceful minds because we know that the Almighty God is watching you, taking notice of what you had done to us. I should say that we are the best example of humility, tolerance and sportsmanship because knowing that we can not do anything, we accepted our fate with open minds and welcoming arms knowing that some day fate will get back at you for treating us unfairly and denying us our right.
May God bless you always and may God be with us for all time!!!
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TUITION FEE AND THE STUDENT DEVELOPMENT FUND
By Maria Phoenix Choa
The enrollment day of Kalinga-Apayao State College came as a shocked to first year enrollees because of the increase amount their down payment. Instead of paying Php 500.00 for the miscellaneous fee, it became Php 1,050.00 due to the addition of a Php 500.00 student development fee. Students who came to enroll were surprised since they knew that they only have to pay the Php 500.00 miscellaneous fee and they can be considered as officially enrolled in the institution. They had brought the exact amount of money needed for the down payment because it was what their parents had given them. As a result, many students were not able to enroll because they had to go back and ask for additional money from their parents. It was a waste of time, money and effort. According to KASC administration, the increase in the development fee was a mandate coming from the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) and they had to implement it. Point taken. What the students wanted is that they should have been informed beforehand. The institution could have made announcement about the increased payment during the enrollment so parents and students alike would be prepared for it. We, the students have the right to be properly informed to avoid encountering problems and dilemmas. Money is not that easy to find, we all knew that and Php 500.00 can not just be picked out from a tree or from a garden.
The tuition fee increase at the end of the semester came also as a shocked to every student. Some students who have paid their tuition fee in full during the enrollment had to pay another Php 200.00 or more because tuition fee had increased. Instead of concentrating on their reviews for the exam, the students are worrying and confused as to how they are going to explain the matter to their parents. The increase of tuition fee at the end of a semester is very impractical. It causes a lot of trouble and burden not only for the students but most especially to the parents. Money is budgeted in accordance to their needs and expenses and the additional tuition fee is way out of question to the parents. They had to remedy or their children would not be able to take their final exam. And looking for money is not that easy too. They have to borrow with interest just so they could cover the additional payment in tuition fees adding more to the financial worries of the family.
The KASC administration had stated that the increased in tuition fee this school year was an increase last year. It is just only now that they are implementing the said increase. For Christ sake, we are not banks that could produce money anytime. Like the development fee, the increase in tuition fee could have announced and properly disseminated to the students during enrollment day. They should have implemented the increase during the enrollment and not implement it at the end of a semester. It is impractical and burdensome.
Another thing: according to a reliable source, the problem also lies with regards to the encoding of the assessment of the students during enrollment. Instead of encoding Php 60.00 per unit, they have encoded Php 50.00. the responsible ones claim that there was an error in the computer programs for enrollment, validation and assessments. The committed error should not be burden then by the students. The responsible ones should take account for their mistakes and not put the weight of the problem on the shoulders of the students. the administration should also hire employees who are competent enough in handling and operating computer and their programs to take charge of enrollment days in order to avoid committing this kind of mistakes.
We are hoping that come next enrollment day, problems of this kind will not arise again for it is us students who suffer the consequences and not you who are sitting there and encoding and doing our assessment forms and enrollment validations.
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THE COMPUTER LABORATORY FEE OF SCHOOL YEAR 2006-2007
WHERE DID IT GO?
By Maria Phoenix Choa
During my third year in KASC, I enrolled in an advance subject, my IT 1 and IT 2 or my computer subjects. These two subjects are offered for fourth year students.
In assessment, it was indicated that I have to pay an amount of Php 300.00 for my computer laboratory fee. Of course, I and many students enrolled in the same subjects have to oblige. We have to pay it because we are going to use the computer laboratory wherein we can apply the theoretical lessons of the computer which we have learned into reality. The problem was that, there was not a single computer unit at the Institute of Arts and Sciences Computer Room. We are disappointed to learn that KASC have not yet issued any computer units to IAS during that school year 2006-2007. We are wondering how we are going to learn to use the computers in a realistic approach if we can not lay a hand on any single computer unit at the IT Room. We have an excellent instructor because he specializes in the field of industrial and advanced technologies meaning he is an expert at computers. He did his very best to teach us the basic and complex lessons of operation a computer, theoretically because we can not apply it as there are no computers to be used. I don’t have a problem with regards to using a computer. Literally speaking, I am a computer literate before I enrolled my computer subjects. But what about those who have never seen a mouse of a computer and doesn’t know what it looks like? What about those who have never encountered and used computers in their whole adult life? How can they be able to learn when they can not apply it? Many among my classmates in that subject up to now are still afraid to operate a computer because though they know how to operate a computer theoretically, they are afraid that they will commit mistakes which will ruin or destroy the computer. For them, there Php 300.00 went to waste because they have learned nothing. Theoretically they know but their knowledge stops there. It is important for us to apply in reality all the theoretical lessons that we have learned in order for us to determine if we have really learned something or none at all.
The question is, where did our computer laboratory fee of Php 300.00 go? Did they not use it to purchase a computer so we can use one even if it is only one unit? What have they done to the money? We are composed of 30-45 students per schedule. Multiply it with Php 300.00 and you will get an amount of Php 9,000.00 to Php 13, 500.00. multiply Php 300.00 to the total number of students enrolled in the subject and you’ll get and higher amount of money. Enough to purchase a two or more unit of computers. But sad as it is, we were not able to use one. That is why the students had complained. They wanted their money back. But they won’t refund it. So where did the money go? It was during the final examination that computer units were delivered to our institute. What’s the use. It is already final examination. We won’t be able to use those computers. We were not compensated for the amount that we have paid.
To those people concern, can you please kindly explain to us what had happened to the student’ s money? We are still waiting for an explanation.
One thing more: the collected amount of the newly implemented Php 500.00 development fee would be use , according to the KASC administration for the construction of the IT Laboratories of the two campuses. Let us just hope that the construction would start immediately in order for those students who have paid the development fee to enjoy their money and the privileges and goes along with it.
BIRD’S EYE VIEW
By Evangeline Dawagan
1. With my stay in IAS, I observed that there were many students who come to school wearing improper uniforms which causes their absences in their classes. If only these students will comply with the policy of the school, surely there will be no problem to encounter!
2. Ang daming estudyanteng ginagawang meeting place and corridor kahit nakikita nilang may kasalukuyang nag-aaral, sige pa rin sa kadadaldal! Kung sana ay ang ginagawa niyong meeting place ay ang library, di napakaganda sana. Disiplina lang po, kapuso at kapamilya huwag gawing park ang corridor.
3. I also observed that there are many students who treat their mentors as their comrades, respect begets respect lang po. Sabagay iba talaga ang malakas eh!
4. Ang daming estudyante ding nakikipagtsismisan kahit may naghihintay na asignatura at research papers nila. Sige pa rin sila sa pagbibida. kung sana ay ginagawang kapakipakinabang and inyong mga oras, mga tsong at tsang, di kahit kalian ay lagi kayong handa!
5. I observed that during quizzes and examinations, there are students engage their selves in cheating instead of reviewing. Hoy mga bruho at bruhilda mag-review naman kayo!
At any rate CHEATERS NEVER WIN di ba?
6. Some students are drunk before entering the school, as if it is their homes, kung umasta ay parang ano sila eh, huwag nyo namang pahalata na nagemperador kayo no!
RESPETUHIN NAMAN NINYO ANG BAHAY NI KUYA!
7. The latest that I observed that during the examinations there are some students leaked the questions and answers to their comrades, ang iba nanguha pa ng test papers at isinerox pa! And suswerte naman ninyo talaga mga kuya! Bato bato sa langit ang matamaan ay dapat talagang tamaan!
8. I observed that some teachers have their favorite pets among the students, normal lang yan sir/ma’am, basta siguraduhing deserving ang mga iyan pagdating sa computations ng mga grado!
9. During our previous sportfest, the juniors were declared as the overall champions!! Congratulations, sana ganyan din ang mangyayari sa pagdating ng Intramurals! Practice more to make it perfect.
10. Lastly I would like to congratulate the staff of this paper for doing their very best to make it successful.
By: Renclyn Yapan
What is all about theme songs? What makes lovers feel more romantic when they hear their favorite love song? And why do couples adopt certain songs as their own?
For many couples, a theme song is important, whether to remember tender moments or just descried memorable feelings. They do choosing their song for many reasons.
First, a song on the radio may have lines that fit their situation. That makes popular songs like “You are the One”, “Forevermore”, Love will Keep us Alive”, etc… ideal themes.
Another way a song turns into a theme for lovers is when it’s played during their special moment. Hence, when two people on a blind date meet for the first time and the radio was playing “ When I Met You”, or “To be With You” you can be sure that song’s going to be the most memorable
for the couple.
Whatever reasons behind for choosing a theme song that fits or suits for a couple, it certainly adds rhythm and color to the romance!
The Energetic, Supportive and Intelligent Dean of the Institute of Arts and Sciences
“ The difference between people who succeed and those who do not is not talent but persistence,” this is the inspiring message from the smart, beautiful and energetic dean of the Institute of Arts and Sciences Dr. Joy Grace Puday Doctor.
Dean Joy hails from Tinglayan and was born on May 18, 1969. Her husband, the current City Treasurer of Tabuk, Constante Doctor is from Tabuk City. They are blessed with an only son who is now a 3rd year high school student at Saint Theresita’s School, Tabuk City.
Dean Joy earned her degree of Bachelor of Science major in Biology at Saint Louis University in Baguio City and her Bachelor of Elementary Education (BEED) at Saint Paul University, Tuguegarao City. She finished her Doctor of Philosophy in Development Education in our very own school, Kalinga-Apayao State College.
In the year 1990, she began to teach at KASC and was assigned in the different institute of the school and at present she is the Dean of the Institute of Arts and Sciences.
By: Renclyn Yapan
Today ladies and gentlemen, I was tasked to stimulate your intellect and imagination about the concept of leadership of this year 2007, and how to confront the challenges attendant to it. I know that all of us are future leaders in our respective fields of endeavor (napakabasic na dapat alam nating lahat, di ba?). We know too that leadership is not because of our genes, but rather an acquired culture-synthesized from our experiences and associations with people and groups who influenced our formative years of becoming a leader. We were followers then and we inch our way to our respective position – as – leaders or captains of the industry.
As leaders, we have our own style of management and troubleshooting. We too, are guided by a common sense of mission, vision and values. The difference probably lies on literary construction as well as the environmental set-up. Leadership is basically, service in action…… ika nga!!! The challenged to effect meaningful change is bestowed upon us by people we are bound to serve. This is indeed an awesome responsibility and as leaders we can not afford to disappoint them or dash their hopes. We are duty bound to produce results, deliver expectations and motivate others to increase their productivity and involve to them the concept of loyalty, honesty and integrity.
As a student of Kalinga-Apayao State College (maraming hamon sa aking buhay) that demands responses. At this point let me show to you my ability for giving you some insight about leadership.
The organizational set-up and the sense of mission, vision and values (halos magkakapareho lamang) are similar because they are both geared towards the advancement of the welfare and interest of its people. Did we ever ask if our respective institutions are still relevant and responsive to the demands of the new breed of leadership challenges? (Ngayon pa lang, tanungin na natin sa ating mga sarili!) What is therefore the kind of leadership that we need?
Leadership often appears to be base on intuition and common sense and possibly experience rather than detailed analysis, but truly leaders with common sense, possess strategic awareness and insight and do not require extensive analyses to understand key success factors or to see how the people (especially ang mga kabataan ngayon) can use its abilities and competencies to satisfy needs and expectations. There is a “gut feel” for which strategies will be appropriate and feasible and for the potential of the opportunity. When a leader pursues new opportunities and introduces changes, the detailed plans for implementing the new strategies are learning, flexibility and adaptation. For the approach to succeed, the leader must be able to inspire others and persuade them of the logic and merits of the new strategies. This is true for all important strategic changes, of course, but when new proposals have emerged from a formal strategic planning system there will be substantive detail and analysis to justify the case instead of a strong reliance on vision and intuition.
The Heritage had been created out of the need of the institute of arts and sciences of an institutional paper in order to be accredited. Its name had no story behind it. it was suggested by the dean of ias, dr. joy grace p. doctor. It was dean doctor’s brainchild and therefore the heritage was born.
Boring as it is, the establishment of the ias institutional paper had opened many doors for aspiring writers and talented artists. It had given the opportunity for those students who wanted to explore their skill in the field of campus journalism and get a taste of what it’s like to be a journalist.
Aptly named, the heritage will be a living legacy and heritage that the creators and pioneers will leave to their successors.
The maiden issue of the heritage had been planned meticulously by the adviser, engr. Daniel cagan and the group of writers he had gathered. some of our writers are also writers for the mother and official publication of Kalinga-Apayao state college, the earthline. Seeing a group of talented and responsible student writers, sir cagan disseminated the tasks to us in order to prepare us for the release of our maiden issue. And here it is, in front of your very eyes, the maiden issue of the heritage.
The heritage, its staff and writers had simple goals; that is to unite the students through this piece of work and foster harmony and cooperation among the students by informing them what is happening inside the four corners of their institute. The heritage also aims to open the eyes of the students to the reality of situations that are happening in and out of the institute. It also aims to protect the rights of the students and stand in the name of justice, equality, camaraderie and solidarity.
as the heritage is only starting, its writers and adviser are asking the students and instructors of the institute of arts and sciences to help us, cooperate with us and unite with us in ensuring the success of this paper because this will serve as our voice, our information system AND OUR shield and defense against any injustices that will be done upon us. let us exercise the freedom of the press and our freedom of expression. AS IT IS, the maiden issue of the heritage is just the beginning of everything.
BUWAN NG WIKA
By: Evangeline
Ang Wikang Pambansa ang pinakamahalaga sa atin sa dahilang ito ang daan ng ating pagkamulat sa kamay ng mga mananakop, ito rin ang nagbigay daan sa ating pagkakabuklod-buklod at pagkakaisa natin bilang isang tao, iisang bansa at iisang salita. Ito rin ang nagbigay ng ating pagkakakilanlan sa buong kapuluan at bilang parangal natin kay Pangulong Manuel L. Quezon ang “Ama ng Wikang Pambansa,” ay taun-taon nating ipinagdiriwang and Buwan ng Wika tuwing Agosto.
Sa nakalipas na Agosto ay ipinagdiwang natin ang Buwan ng Wika sa temang: Maraming Wika, Matatag na Bansa. Ipinapahayag nitong kapag ang isang bansa ay maraming alam na salita na siyang ginagamit sa pakikipagtalastasan ay nagiging maunlad at matatag ito. Hindi natin maikakaila na marami tayong ginagamit na wika o dialekto gaya ng Cebuano, Waray, Igorot, Isneg, Kalinga at marami pang iba.
Ang ating palatuntunan ay nahati sa apat na paligsahan tulad ng katutubong sayaw, pagkanta, pagrampa at dagliang pagkukuwento. Ang unang naisagawa ay ang katutubong pagsayaw ng mga Kalinga na pinagkamitan nating ng ikatlong gantimpala sa pangunguna ni Bb. Erania Dumaguing ng BS Biology. Natunghayan din natin ang mga elegante at aral na aral na kilos ng mga modelo ng Luzon, Visayas at Mindanao. Ang mga modelo ng Arts and Sciences ay sa katauhan nina Bb. Renclyn Yapan at Bb. Ronalyn Solis na isinuot ang katutubong damit ng Mindanao. Ang dagliang pagkukuwento na isinabay sa pagdiriwang ng ating Sporsfest ay pinanalunan ni Bb. Evangeline T. Dawagan ng Ikalawang taon.
Lalo pang sumaya ang ating pagdiriwang dahil sa ipinamalas na kagalingan ng ating mga mananayaw na pinangunahan nina Bb. Mary Grace Apil at G. Jeffrey Micua ng ikalawa at unang taon sa kanilang Tinikling.
Naging matagumpay ang ating pagdiriwang ng Buwan ng Wika dahil sa kooperasyon at pagkakaisa natin sa paghahanda nito na nangangahulugan ng ating pagmamahal sa ating sariling wika.
By: Phoenix
Biology is the science of life. The term was introduced in Germany in 1800 and popularized by the French naturalist Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck as a means of encompassing the growing number of disciplines involved with the study of living forms. The unifying concept of biology received its greatest stimulus from the English zoologist Thomas Henry Huxley, who was also an important educator. Huxley insisted that the conventional segregation of zoology and botany was intellectually meaningless and that all living things should be studied in an integrated way. Huxley’s approach to the study of biology is even more cogent today, because scientists now realize that many lower organisms are neither plants nor animals. The limits of the science, however, have always been difficult to determine, and as the scope of biology has shifted over the years, its subject areas have been changed and reorganized. Today biology is subdivided into hierarchies based on the molecule, the cell, the organism, and the population.
Molecular biology, which spans biophysics and biochemistry, has made the most fundamental contributions to modern biology. Much is now known about the structure and action of nucleic acids and protein, the key molecules of all living matter. The discovery of the mechanism of heredity was a major breakthrough in modern science. Another important advance was in understanding how molecules conduct metabolism, that is, how they process the energy needed to sustain life.
Cellular biology is closely linked with molecular biology. To understand the functions of the cell—the basic structural unit of living matter—cell biologists study its components on the molecular level. Organismal biology, in turn, is related to cellular biology, because the life functions of multicellular organisms are governed by the activities and interactions of their cellular components. The study of organisms includes their growth and development (developmental biology) and how they function (physiology). Particularly important are investigations of the brain and nervous system (neurophysiology) and animal behavior (ethology).
Population biology became firmly established as a major subdivision of biological studies in the 1970s. Central to this field is evolutionary biology, in which the contributions of Charles Darwin have been fully appreciated after a long period of neglect. Population genetics, the study of gene changes in populations, and ecology, the study of populations in their natural habitats, have been established subject areas since the 1930s. These two fields were combined in the 1960s to form a rapidly developing new discipline often called, simply, population biology. Closely associated is a new development in animal-behavior studies called sociobiology, which focuses on the genetic contribution to social interactions among animal populations.
Biology also includes the study of humans at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels. If the focus of investigation is the application of biological knowledge to human health, the study is often termed biomedicine. Human populations are by convention not considered within the province of biology; instead, they are the subject of anthropology and the various social sciences. The boundaries and subdivisions of biology, however, are as fluid today as they have always been, and further shifts may be expected.
Life as the main topic of study in biology is a term used to summarize the activities characteristic of all organisms—ranging from such primitive forms as cyanobacteria (formerly known as blue-green algae) to plants and animals. These activities fall into two major categories: reproduction and metabolism. The mechanism of reproduction is now known to be controlled by the properties of certain large molecules called nucleic acids. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) constitutes the hereditary material that can be passed from one cell or organism to another, because DNA molecules can make copies of themselves by means of a process known as template replication. The DNA molecule consists of a long series of coded messages capable of directing the synthesis of specific proteins at any time in the cell or life cycle. In turn, these proteins are responsible for the synthesis of many other substances within the living organism. Reproduction therefore involves making copies of the molecules constituting an organism and ultimately results in copies of the organism itself.
The other major activity of living organisms is metabolism, the physical and chemical processes by which energy from the outside world is used in such activities as reproduction (including growth), locomotion, and responsiveness to the environment (which constitutes the activities of the nervous system in animals). The energy source can be either the radiant energy of the sun, converted to a usable form by photosynthesis, or the chemical energy of ingested food. A living organism thus resembles a motor in that both convert one kind of energy into another. A precise definition of life is difficult, but, in a rough sense, an organism is considered alive if both metabolism and reproduction are active.
Both metabolism and reproduction are carried on in cells. In eukaryotic cells the DNA lies within the nucleus, a central structure bounded by a membrane; in prokaryotic cells (such as bacteria), which do not have distinct nuclei, the DNA is not enclosed. The proteins coded for in the DNA are synthesized in the cytoplasm, the fluid material lying outside the nucleus (in eukaryotic cells) and bounded by the cell membrane. All of the structures required for metabolism are contained there; thus, the cell is the unit of both reproduction and metabolism.
The only exceptions to the above description of life are viruses. They are only partly living organisms: They possess the replicating nucleic acids but lack the ability to convert energy. In order to obtain enough energy to reproduce, viruses act as parasites; they invade a host cell and cause it to follow the instructions of the viral genetic material. In this way the virus takes over the genetic apparatus of the host to create more virus particles, a process that prevents the host cell from reproducing normally. Virus particles consist only of nucleic acid wrapped in a protein coat. In some groups of viruses, the nucleic acid is ribonucleic acid (RNA) instead of DNA.
One of the central questions about life is how it originated. The generally accepted theory is that early in the history of the earth some system of replication powered by external sources of energy must have been formed. A further assumption is that the Darwinian principle of natural selection soon began to play an important role in this process, favoring those replicating molecules that could find energy most readily. Such an assumption is reasonable because evolutionary success through natural selection is measured in terms of the ability of a living system to perpetuate its replicating molecules, or genes. Thus, primitive systems capable of carrying out the metabolic processes necessary to perpetuate their genes had a competitive advantage and eventually evolved into cells. The changes that have taken place since the origin of the cell—the rise of prokaryotes, nucleated cells, multicellular organisms, and, ultimately, higher plants and animals—are also thought to have occurred as a result of natural selection. Given such an evolutionary progression, it is possible that parallel evolution could have occurred on other planets in the universe.
SOURCE: John Tyler Bonner
Microsoft Encarta 2004
By: Phoenix
From a very broad perspective, public administration may be viewed to refer not only to those activities involved in carrying out or in implementing the policies and programs of the government but also the processes and contents of these policies and programs. From an even broader perspective, public administration may refer to cooperative human action whether organizations aimed at delivering services to the people.
Public administration is also a distinct field of study; it is considered both a professional and scholarly discipline. As such, it is concerned with public policies and programs, their formulation and implementation and the sociocultural, economic, and political factors bearing on them. It deals with the systematic study of institutions and processes and the interplay of factors involved in authoritative decision making on goals, in implementing them, and in achieving desired results.
As mentioned above, public administration is considered both as a professional and scholarly discipline. It is generally offered in the Philippines at the graduate level and serves as a second filed of specialization. More than sixty universities, colleges, and schools now offer degree programs in public administration. But what is being taught to the students – American or Philippine public administration? Reference is made to the Americans because many books still used are on American public administration, and, at one time, in the College of Public Administration there was even a course on “State Government in the U.S.” but not many courses on the Philippine Administrative System.
Additional questions could be asked: Would curricular programs in public administration enable the students to acquire a broad understanding of the process of social change and the various cultural, social, economic and political factors which influence the development efforts in the country? Would the program equip the students with the specialized knowledge on and the analytical ability to understand the development goals, the structure and the dynamics of political administrative institutions, policy issues, and programs/project implementation problems? Would the programs and the component courses be too “theoretical,” academic, and prescriptive in approach? Would there be discussion on ethical questions and issues?
During the early years (the 50s and the early 60s) in the then Institute of Public Administration, the emphasis in the curricular program was on internal management – and the staff functions in government – organization and management, personnel and fiscal administration – with some courses in local government. Later on, courses on public administration and politics, the economy, and social change were introduced to give students a better understanding of the ecology of public management in the country and of the dynamics of social change.
In the seventies, courses on program administration and public policy were added to give students better acquainted with at least some major policy areas or programs, e.g., health, agriculture, education and housing a feel of problems in “line” or program/project management. In the eighties there is renewed concern about accountability in government which resulted in the reintroduction of course on ethics in public service.
More recently, there has been a reexamination of the concept of “public” in public administration. For a long time, that has been interpreted to mean “governmental” and therefore teaching and research efforts have been focused primarily on problems of the public bureaucracy and on the issue of increasing its administrative capability. Now, “public” is being interpreted to refer to “people” – public administration is administration or delivery of services to the people. If this interpretation is fully accepted, then the students of public administration could rightfully look into alternative delivery channels, e.g., the private sector, nongovernmental organizations and cooperatives and on how to strengthen the capability of receiving systems in the benefiting from the services.
There is still the continuing problem of achieving relevance and realism in the teaching of public administration in the country. The needs are the following: (1) getting faculty members who have both the academic qualifications and administrative experience; (2) the production and use of indigenous teaching materials; (3) the use of innovative teaching methods and techniques; and (4) the formulation of more relevant models and analytical concepts.
It has been observed that public administration is inevitably ethnocentric or culture-bound. The sociocultural, economic and political setting in which public management operates has long been recognized as a major determinant of the patterns of administration that evolve. Similarly, the influence of the environment of public administration is an increasingly strong determinant for changes in the system.
SOURCE: Victoria A. Bautista, et. al.
Introduction to Public Administration in the Philippines: A Reader
By: Phoenix
Political Science is the systematic study of and reflection upon politics. Politics usually describes the processes by which people and institutions exercise and resist power. Political processes are used to formulate policies, influence individuals and institutions, and organize societies.
Many political scientists study how governments use politics. But political scientists also study politics in other contexts, such as how politics affects the economy, how ordinary people think and act in relation to politics, and how politics influences organizations outside of government. The emphasis upon government and power distinguishes political science from other social sciences, although political scientists share an interest with economists in studying relations between the government and economy, and with sociologists in considering relations between social structures in general and political structures in particular. Political scientists attempt to explain and understand recurrent patterns in politics rather than specific political events.
Political science is important because politics is important. During the 20th century, tens of millions of people were murdered by regimes devoted to particular political ideologies. All peoples’ lives are affected in many ways by what governments do or choose not to do, and by the power structures that exist in society.
The specific ideas of political scientists are only occasionally implemented by policy makers. Political scientists usually influence the world in more indirect ways: by educating citizens and political leaders, by contributing to debates on political issues, and by encouraging different ways of looking at the world. The study of political science is motivated by the need to understand the sources and consequences of political stability and revolution, of repression and liberty, of equality and inequality, of war and peace, of democracy and dictatorship. The study of political science suggests that the world of politics is complex and cannot be reorganized by simple ideological schemes without unintended consequences.
Most professional political scientists work in colleges and universities where they teach, conduct research, and write articles and books related to their specific research interests. Political scientists also work in policy-related think tanks, privately funded organizations that conduct and publicize research on public policy issues.
Political science is organized into several fields, each representing a major subject area of teaching and research in colleges and universities. These fields include comparative politics, American politics, international relations, political theory, public administration, public policy, and political behavior.
Political scientists are divided on the extent to which their discipline should follow methods used by traditional sciences. Some argue that political science should follow the research model of natural sciences such as physics and chemistry, which use quantitative analysis and repeated observation to establish scientific laws. These political scientists aim to discover general laws of politics, although few such laws have been discovered. One such law is Duverger’s law, which asserts that countries that conduct elections through proportional representation (such as Germany and the Netherlands) will have many political parties, while countries that decide elections on the basis of a simple plurality of votes (such as Britain and the United States) will have only two primary parties. But Duverger’s law is itself faced with a need to explain many contradictory real-world cases—for example, why India does not have a two-party system.
Political scientists who attempt to develop scientific laws favor quantitative methods or explanations of politics that are derived from deductions based upon simple assumptions about human behavior. All else is regarded as transient, unfounded, and unreliable.
Political scientists who oppose this scientific emphasis argue that politics is highly complex and variable, continually changing as new events unfold, and driven by unpredictable human actions. They argue that any rigidly scientific approach can only yield trivial results. They point out that their more scientific colleagues have not had much success in developing general laws of political science, let alone making predictions based on such laws. For example, not one political scientist predicted the breakup of the Soviet bloc in 1989 and end of the Soviet Union. Political scientists who favor less scientific approaches tend to pursue single-case studies—for example, a study of the presidency of Ronald W. Reagan—or examine specific social problems.
The systematic study of politics dates to ancient times. The oldest legal and administrative code that survives in its entirety is the Code of Hammurabi, inscribed on a pillar of black basalt. Hammurabi, a Babylonian king who ruled from 1792 to 1750 BC, described the laws in his code as enabling “stable government and good rule.” Hammurabi’s justification indicates that the reasoning behind the code was political as well as legal.
The first political scientist known to analyze information systematically was the Greek philosopher Aristotle. He compared the constitutions of Greek city-states during the 4th century BC and generalized about the political consequences of the different constitutional systems. The study of political science flourished in ancient Greece during the 5th and 4th centuries bc, in the Roman republic from 509 to 31 bc, in the republics of Italy during the 15th and 16th centuries, amid the political turmoil of 17th century Britain, and during the French and American revolutions toward the end of the 18th century. While the specific methods employed by political scientists throughout the centuries varied tremendously, their common concerns have been to provide useful advice to rulers and to organize governments more effectively.
During the 1980s and 1990s increasing numbers of political scientists studied democracy and its development in societies that had formerly been ruled by authoritarian governments. The wave of democratization that followed the end of the Cold War inspired political theorists to develop new models of democracy, and political scientists to study the role of citizenship and citizen education in democratic governments.
Marxists challenged conventional political science through most of the 20th century, charging that the discipline overlooked oppressive political relationships in the capitalist economy. According to Marxists, formal democracy is a sham because the dominant economic class in society always controls the government.
Since 1970 feminism has influenced most fields of political science. Feminist critics contend that both governments and political science have been organized along male-dominated lines and have ignored and repressed the perspective of women. Political scientists’ responses to feminism have ranged from attempts to study the political behavior of women more closely to the development of comprehensive feminist political philosophies.
SOURCE: John Dryzek
Microsoft Encarta 2004
HISTORY AND ITS HISTORY
By: Phoenix
History, in its broadest sense, is the totality of all past events, although a more realistic definition would limit it to the known past. Historiography is the written record of what is known of human lives and societies in the past and how historians have attempted to understand them. Of all the fields of serious study and literary effort, history may be the hardest to define precisely, because the attempt to uncover past events and formulate an intelligible account of them necessarily involves the use and influence of many auxiliary disciplines and literary forms. The concern of all serious historians has been to collect and record facts about the human past and often to discover new facts. They have known that the information they have is incomplete, partly incorrect, or biased and requires careful attention. All have tried to discover in the facts patterns of meaning addressed to the enduring questions of human life.
The purpose of history as a serious endeavor to understand human life is never fulfilled by the mere sifting of evidence for facts. Fact-finding is only the foundation for the selection, arrangement, and explanation that constitute historical interpretation. The process of interpretation informs all aspects of historical inquiry, beginning with the selection of a subject for investigation, because the very choice of a particular event or society or institution is itself an act of judgment that asserts the importance of the subject. Once chosen, the subject itself suggests a provisional model or hypothesis that guides research and helps the historian to assess and classify the available evidence and to present a detailed and coherent account of the subject. The historian must respect the facts, avoid ignorance and error as far as possible, and create a convincing, intellectually satisfying interpretation.
Until modern times, history was regarded primarily as a special kind of literature that shared many techniques and effects with fictional narrative. Historians were committed to factual materials and personal truthfulness, but like writers of fiction they wrote detailed narratives of events and vivid character sketches with great attention to language and style. The complex relations between literary art and historiography have been and continue to be a subject of serious debate.
In the 5th century BC Herodotus, who has been called the father of history, wrote his famous account of the Persian Wars. Shortly afterward, Thucydides wrote his classic study of the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta. These men recorded contemporary or near-contemporary events in prose narratives of striking style, depending as much as possible on eyewitness or other reliable testimony for evidence. They concentrated on war, constitutional history, and the character of political leaders to create pictures of human societies in times of crisis or change. The recognition by contemporaries of the extraordinary accomplishment of both historians gave their works an authority that influenced succeeding historians. They too would prefer recent events, consider visual and oral evidence superior to written (used only in ancillary ways), and assume that the most significant human expression was the state and political life. Antiquarian research into religion, customs, names, and art, based on documentary sources, was also part of Greek and Roman culture but was allied chiefly to philosophy, biography, and areas of specialized learning and was excluded from the main traditions of political history. No specialized training was considered necessary for historiography. The historian's education was that of any cultivated man: careful reading of general literature, followed by the study of rhetoric, the art of fluent and persuasive use of language that dominated ancient higher education. The ideal historian would combine rigorous truthfulness and freedom from bias with the gift of developed expression.
The divisive effects of two world wars, which undermined the ideal of a common international enterprise, informed by an internationally acceptable point of view, and the increasing specialization and variety within the historical discipline itself, have left history in much the same state of complex and divided purpose that marks all contemporary intellectual life. The earlier optimism that promised imminent recovery of the truth of the past has been replaced by the belief that no accumulation of facts constitutes history as an intelligible structure, and no historian, however free from crude bias, can be a totally neutral, impersonal recorder of an objective reality. Furthermore, the scope of history has expanded immeasurably, in time, as archaeology and anthropology have provided knowledge of earlier ages, and in breadth, as fields of inquiry entirely unknown in the past (such as economic history, psychohistory, history of ideas, of family structures, and of peasant societies) have emerged and refined their methods and goals. To many scholars, national history has come to seem an outmoded, culture-bound approach, although history written on thoroughly international assumptions is extremely difficult to achieve.
SOURCE: Nancy F. Partner
Microsoft Encarta 2004
By Jeanne Marie Mendoza
A training workshop for campus journalism for interested students and writers was held at the second floor of KASC Main Library on September 6-7, 2007 with the theme “ Writing to Uplift One’s Organization”.
The training workshop started with the invocation by Miss Rubelyn Calventas, followed by the singing of the National Anthem and recital of the KASC Vision and Mission by Miss Pingky Lang-ay and Miss Phoenix Choa respectively. Tyrell Mennao presented the lecturers and trainees of the training and followed by Dr. Adoracion Taguba, Director for Student Services and Admission who welcomed everybody with her warming remarks. After her was our very own President Dr. Eduardo T. Bagtang who gave his inspirational message before the training proper started.
The first lecturer was Mrs. Perfelia R. Buen who lectured the Concept of Developmental Journalism which was followed by a workshop. In the afternoon, Mr. Daniel Cagan shared his expertise on the Basics of News Writing and was followed by Mr. Estanislao Albano Jr. who discussed about Editorial and Columns and workshop followed after each lecture.
On the next, Mr. Giovanni Asbucan shared his views about Sportswriting and Miss Fannaliza Sacki followed as she expressed her thoughts on the Exposition of Writing. On the last part of the second day, Mrs. Marilou A. Sawadan shared and demonstrated the Interpersonal Communication Techniques as Tools in interviewing and in Maintaining a School Paper with a positive reputation. And for the last lecture, Mr. Placido Alsiyang Jr. Shared his knowledge about the law, The Institution and the Reading Public, What is Permissible and What is Not.
After the lectures, selected students were asked to give their impressions about the training after which some lecturers awarded prizes and tokens to the winners of each workshop.
The two-day Training-Workshop succeeded due to the participation of the facilitators Mr. Marciano Paroy and Mrs. Marilou Adora.
By Rogue
Earthline, the official and mother publication of Kalinga-Apayao State College conducted a training-workshop on campus journalism with the theme “Writing to Uplift One’s Organization” last September 6-7, 2007 at the KASC Main Library.
The training-workshop was organized by Sir Marciano Paroy Jr., Earthline Adviser and Mrs. Marilou Adora, the ITE Newsletter Adviser.
The workshop included a lecture on Developmental Journalism by Mrs. Perfelia Buen, the BOT Secretary and a DevCom Practitioner; Sportswriting by Mr. Giovanni Asbucan, the Newsette Adviser of Tabuk National High School; Editorials and Column writing by Mr. Estanislao Albano Jr., a Print Medium Practitioner of the Cordillera Administrative Region; Exposition in Feature writing by Ms. Fannaliza Sacki, an English Instructor and contributor to regional newspapers; The Interpersonal Communication Techniques by Mrs. Marilou Sawadan, a DevCom Instructor; The Law, The Institution and the Reading Public by Mr. Placido Alsiyang Jr., the Student Coordinator of Dagupan Campus and of course, the Basic of News Writing facilitated by our very own Heritage Adviser and the Editor-in Chief of the Guru Press, Sir Daniel Cagan.
Each lecture was followed by a workshop and participants had to make good on their pieces and articles because it was a competition were winners will be chosen as the best writers in every event.
There was one setback though. The Earthline adviser could not make it on the day of the training-workshop due unexpected circumstances but the workshop had to continue even without the presence of the Earthline Adviser.
IAS participants and writers came in full force headed by their Editor-in-Chief, Maria Phoenix Choa who also happens to be the Associate Editor for Dagupan Campus of the Earthline. Not wanting to be put at the last, IAS writers actively participated and gave their best in writing their articles which produced a good result.
Several writers of the IAS were chosen as one among the best writers in the different category. Our own Editor-in-Chief placed second on the Developmental Journalism category. Ms. Romie Ann Boy-ag together with Ms. Evangeline Dawagan, Mr. Santiago Wacas and Maria Phoenix Choa were chosen among the top ten best writers in the News writing category.
The awards and prizes were presented and given by Sir Daniel Cagan, Mrs. Marilou Sawadan and Ser Antoni Ramos the former Editor-in-chief of the Earthline.
All in all, the IAS writers had a job well done and the occasion itself was a success thanks to the effort of the organizers and facilitators of the said event.
The Araw ng Wika 2007 of Kalinga-Apayao State College was held last August 21, 2007 at the People’s Gym with the theme: “Maraming Wika, Matatag na Bansa.”
The guest of honor was Dr. Angelita Ngao-I who gave an inspiring message about the importance of the National language and how we can be unified amidst the different dialects and cultures of the Filipinos.
The Institute of Arts and Sciences actively participated during the said event as evident by the energetic performance of the Arts Club which many of its members came from IAS.
IAS had once again shown its dancing prowess even in folk dances by the excellent performance of the dancers headed by Ms. Mary Grace Apil in their Tinikling dance.
Ms. Renclyn Yapan and Ms. Ronalyn Solis of IAS showed their beauty and grace during the fashion segment wherein they modeled the different attires and costumes of our “kababayan” in Mindanao, the Muslim people.
The IAS also showed their singing talent when they presented their chorus with the song Gaano Kita Kamahal rehearsed and conducted by the ever beloved instructor of IAS Sir Lou Marshall Banggawan. The chorus was a success, thanks to the effort of Sir Lou and to the cooperation and participation of the singers headed by Jake Isit of the First years.
Once again, IAS had shown that they are really the Institute of Arts and Sciences by their display of talents and skills during the Araw ng Wika celebration.
By Phoenix
The induction of officers of both campuses was held last July 25, 2007 at the People’s Gym at 8:00 in the morning.
The induction was attended by both the officers and non-officers of both campuses. Among the six institutes, the INSTITUTE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES was the most disciplined and the most organized group of officers during the induction as evident by the orderly seating arrangement of the officers starting from the institutional officers down to the organizational and club officers.
The officers were presented in an orderly manner by the energetic Dean of IAS, Dean Joy Grace P. Doctor.
Though the induction was shrouded by comments and criticisms, the IAS officers came in full attendance and were the first ones to arrive at the venue.
The officers of IAS this school year had make up with what the officers of the last school year had not done during the same occasion. The IAS Officers of school year 2006-2007 came in late and many were not present during the induction.
To the Officers of the Institute of Arts and Sciences school year 2007-2008, a job well done! Keep up the good work!
By Romie Ann Boy-ag
Institute of Arts and Sciences (IAS) English Club held its first successful activity for the first semester school year 2007-2008. The Spelling Bee and Quiz Bee was held last September 13, 2007 at the IAS Rooftop.
The successful activity was prepared by the ever ready club advisers: Dr. Paulino Reyes II and Mrs. Mercy Grace Igadna. They made the mechanics and questions for the contests.
The officers headed by Jeanne Marie Mendoza took up their roles as facilitators. The audience enjoyed the performances and antics of the masters of ceremony: Mr. Rodolfo Tucay Jr. and Mr. Jeffrey Micua.
The activities of the English Club are open to all automatic members of the club. The members are the students enrolled in any English subject within the institute. All are required to pay the amount of Php 20.00 (Php 15.00 for the contribution and Php 5.00 membership fee). The collected amount will cover prizes during the monthly activities and during the celebration of the English Festival on November. The rest would be for the proposed project of the officers for this school year.
The top 12 winners of the Spelling Bee and Quiz Bee are qualified for the final round on October 3, 2007. The scope of the Quiz Bee will be on general information, English grammar and on current issues.
To the winners of the Spelling Bee and Quiz Bee; CONGRTAULATIONS!!!
Get ready for the next round!
THE WINNERS
SPELLING BEE
1. Omnas, Marichu
2. Codiam Leyjonel
3. Codiam Jackielyn
4. Dawagan, Evangeline
5. Codiam, Jackielou
6. Dacquel, Hazel
7. Tucay, Rodlfo Jr.
8. Codiam, Olivia
9. Dumirag, Darwin
10. Daguiles, Aida
11. Tomaag, Richel
12. Sumecda, Lynette
QUIZ BEE
1. Codiam, Jackielyn
2. Codiam, Leyjonel
3. Sallicop, Brucelee
4. Dawagan, Evangeline
5. Pascua, Janrey
6. Codiam, Olivia
7. Doctolero, Dianne
8. Basuyang, Reynard
9. Tucay, Rodolfo Jr.
10. Mendoza, Brian
11. Lagmay, Walter
12. Lacar, Rolando
By Evangeline Dawagan
Last December of school year 2006-2007, the Institute of Arts and Sciences (IAS) was accredited earning a Level 1 status from the Accrediting Agency for College and Universities of the Philippines (AACUP).
The success of the accreditation is credited to the joint efforts and unity of the Faculty and Staff of IAS who had worked hard, slept late and barely goes home to ensure that the institute will earn its Level 1 status. The students also contributed to the success of the accreditation as they all joint forces in beautifying and landscaping the garden of the IAS, cleaned and decorated the rooms and making sure everything is in order when the accrediting team comes.
With an interview to the Dean, Dr. Joy Grace P. Doctor said that, “The Accreditation would not have been attained without the full cooperation of both the faculty and staff of the institute. The faculty members collected, processed and arranged important documents while the staff provided the necessary materials needed before and during the accreditation. Students also contributed to a large extent.”
Talks are going on that this coming December, our Institute will have to pass another rigid test and evaluations to earn the Level 2 status. According to a reliable source, the faculty and staff are now trying to set whatever is needed to be set so the institute will always be ready if ever the said accreditation will push trough.
There are certain steps to be followed during the preparation for accreditation according to the Dean:
The steps were as follows:
1. Information dissemination to both faculty and students of the importance of the accreditation;
2. Determination of the commitment of those involved in the accreditation process;
3. Assignment of different faculty to take charge of the key areas of accreditation;
4. Collections of documents/evaluations of documents;
5. And lastly, documentations.
But the dean also add that, “If ever the accreditation will push through, it is no longer enough to follow or undergo the same preparations since our institute is now aiming for a higher level of accreditation.”
We asked Dean Doctor if there are facilities needed that they did not use before or are there facilities that needed improvement.
According to Dean Doctor, “A number of facilities must be in place for the next level of accreditation such as student center, audio-visual room and the facilities that needs improvement are the science laboratory, computer laboratory and the library.”
Wrapping up our interview with the Dean, we asked if what is the real essence of this accreditation program for both the school and the students and what are her plans for the upcoming Level 2 accreditation?
“I must say that accreditation means quality education to both the school and the students, but I refuse to reveal my plans because we are not yet sure if the incoming accreditation will push through,” Dean Joy Grace Doctor’s final words to us.
By Janrey Pascua
THE Institute of Arts and Sciences garnered the over-all championship during the Nutrition Month held last July 28, 2007 at the KASC-NIA Campus.
During the said affair, quiz bee, slogan writing, snack and dish meal preparations were the contested activities. The participants of the said event were the NSTP-CWTS students of KASC. In the quiz bee proper, twenty-four students from the different institutes of the college compete to be the grand quizzer. In the end, a student of Arts and Sciences in the person of Marylis Gongon grabs the first place. She was followed by Grace Ganotice of the neighboring institute, the Entrepreneurial Arts. Walter Lagmay also a student of the IAS made it to the 3rd place. The joint power of Rodolfo Tucay Jr. and Jeffrey Milva made them undisputed in the preparation of a dish meal. They grab the first place to complete the lines of champion in IAS. The IHS followed suit at 2nd place and ITE on 3rd place on the dish meal preparation. Another student who had made a great record but didn’t make it to the top was Cristobal Ponce, second placer in the slogan contest.
The affair ended successfully and thoroughly done through the effort of Dr. Paulino Reyes II, the NSTP Director of KASC and his colleagues together with the participation of the NSTP-CWTS students.
By: Evangeline Dawagan
Last July 22, 2007, we held our General Orientation at the People’s Gym. It is annually done to introduce the different faculty members of the different institutes and the staff and personnel of the administration in order for the students to know whom to approach in times of occurrences of problems in the academe. Another purpose of this orientation is to lay down the policies, rules and regulations of the school for the information of the new students of the college.
We witnessed the introduction of all the employees of the school, teaching and non-teaching personnel. We were able to take a glimpse of the faces of the different faculty members but sad to say, our very own dean was not present that day due to the death of her beloved mother. The freshmen students of the Institute of Arts and Sciences were not able then to take a look at their dean but despite Dean Doctor’s absence, the faculty members were energetically introduced by ____________________ to the students making the freshies feel welcome and a part of the growing family of IAS.
The Institute of Arts and Sciences is the biggest and most populated institute of the Kalinga-Apayao State College as evident in the attendant of IAS students during the general orientation wherein due to lack of vacant seats, the IAS students had no choice but to stand on the sides and stay at the back near the gate tolerating the intense heat of the day.
As per observation, during orientation program, IAS students are always assigned to sit at the last portion of the bleachers making it hard for the students to understand what is being said and done at the front stage due to the noise of other students and the distance between the bleachers and the stage. Hopefully, something can be done about it and we are hoping that IAS students won’t be placed at the last portion of the bleachers come next orientation day.
Every program has its own intermissions and ice-breakers to relive the audience of the monotony of the program. One of the numbers being performed during the orientation program was the ballroom dance Cha-cha presented by the IAS students under the guidance of Sir Lou Marshall Banggawan. It is an excellent display of the dancing prowess of the IAS students that earned bravado applause from the audience.
Aside from the excellent student dancers of IAS, we are also very proud that day because the program went on smoothly without any interference thanks to the masterful skill in hosting of our very own instructor and institutional paper adviser, Engr. Daniel Cagan. This goes on to show that IAS is really the Institute of Arts and Sciences aptly named because of the different individuals who are contributing to the progress of the institute by sharing their different talents and skills in the field of artistry.
All’s well, done well. That’s how it is supposed to be and our warmest congratulations to all the IASian who helped and contributed to the success of the orientation program.
To the freshies who were not able to see the dean during the orientation, you can always approach her at her office anytime.
QUESTIONS, ANSWERS AND COMMENTS REGARDING
THE HUMAN SECURITY ACT OF 2007
(REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9372)
By: Phoenix
Q. What is the Human Security Act of 2007?
ANSWER:
The “Human Security Act of 2007,” or Republic Act No. 9372, is a law that Congress enacted “to protect life, liberty and property from acts of terrorism, to condemn terrorism as inimical and dangerous to the national security of the country … and to make terrorism a crime against the Filipino people, against humanity, and against the law of nations.”
While well-intended, the Human Security Act (HSA) is one of the most incoherent, disorganized and disjointed laws our Congress has ever passed. A mix-and-match collection of 62 sections, the law has no discernible structure, no headings or subheadings, and no groupings of sections. Provisions follow one another without logical connection; some sections contradict each other; while others simply make no sense.Worse, the HSA is a dangerous law. It authorizes preventive detention, expands the power of warrantless arrest, and allows for unchecked invasion of our privacy, liberty and other basic rights. Persons merely suspected of engaging in terrorism may be arrested without warrant and detained without charges. They may be placed under house arrest, prohibited from using their cell phones, computers and any other means of communication, even when they are granted bail on the ground that evidence of guilt is not strong. They may also be subjected to surveillance and wiretapping, as well as examination, sequestration and freezing of bank deposits and other assets, on mere suspicion that they are members of a “terrorist organization.”
Q. How does the HSA define the crime of ‘‘terrorism?"
ANSWER:
It defines the crime as follows:
“Sec. 3. Terrorism—Any person who commits an act punishable under any of the following provisions of the Revised Penal Code:
A. Art. 122 (Piracy in General and Mutiny);
B. Art. 134 (Rebellion or Insurrection);
C. Art. 134-A (Coup d’Etat), including acts committed by private persons;
D. Art. 248 (Murder); E. Art. 267 (Kidnapping and Serious Illegal Detention);
F. Art. 324 (Crimes Involving Destruction); or under
(1) P.D. 1613 (Law on Arson);
(2) R.A. 6969 (Toxic Substance and Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Control
Act);
(3) R.A. 5207 (Atomic Energy Regulatory and Liability Act);
(4) R.A. 6235 (Anti-Hijacking Law);
(5) P.D. 532 (Anti-Piracy and Anti-Highway Robbery Law); and
(6) P.D. 1866, as amended (Decree Codifying the Laws on Illegal and Unlawful
Possession, Manufacture, Dealing in, Acquisition or Disposition of Firearms,
Ammunition or Explosives) Thereby sowing and creating a condition of
widespread and extraordinary fear and panic among the populace, in order
to coerce the government to give in to an unlawful demand shall be guilty
of terrorism and shall suffer the penalty of 40 years of imprisonment,
without the benefit of parole…”
For the crime of terrorism to be committed, therefore, four elements are essential:
The commission of one or more of the crimes specified in Section 3 above,
That sows and creates a condition of “widespread and extraordinary fear and panic” among the populace,
For the purpose of coercing the government,
To give in to an “unlawful” demand.
In FLAG’s view, the law’s definition of terrorism is vague, ambiguous and highly susceptible to abuse. When does a condition of “widespread and extraordinary fear and panic” exist? Does the “populace” refer to the public in general, those who live in the same city or town or those who live in the same barangay? What is an “unlawful demand?”
With no objective standards to guide our law enforcers, the HSA in effect bestows on our law enforcers the unfettered discretion to decide if a person is engaged in terrorism or conspiracy to commit terrorism. And that is very dangerous indeed.
In the words of Martin Scheinin, the United Nations’ Special Rapporteur on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms While Countering Terrorism, “… there are some positive aspects of the definition of terrorist acts in the Human Security Act but the end result is an overly broad definition which is seen to be at variance with the principle of legality and thus incompatible with Article 15 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.”
Q. How does the HSA define “conspiracy to commit terrorism?”
ANSWER:
Section 4 provides that a conspiracy to commit terrorism is committed “when two or more persons come to an agreement concerning the commission of the crime of terrorism as defined in Section 3 hereof and decide to commit the same.” The law, in short, defines a terrorist conspiracy as an agreement between two or more persons to commit the crime of terrorism and a decision to commit it.
The basic principle in conspiracy is that the act of one is the act of all. As an American lawyer has observed, however, modern criminal organizations operate on an entirely different principle:
“… Conspiracy laws make all conspirators equally liable for all the crimes, when clearly that just is not the case. In fact, criminal organizations are structured specifically to place the greatest risk on the people with the least to gain from the enterprise. That’s how you rise in those organizations.
… Criminal conspiracies don’t happen amidst open forum discussions. I can’t imagine that many criminal organizations have large group meetings …
Quite the opposite. Mostly, conspiracy convictions are based on disparate, separate and barely if at all coordinated acts by the conspirators. Meetings are one on one, or (in) tiny minimal groups. Almost none of the typical conspirator even knows what the whole scheme is, let alone the harmful effects…”
In FLAG’s view, criminalizing terrorist conspiracies is a useless, impractical and ineffective way of addressing the problem. It may result in the arrest of lots of “small fry,” but will never stop the “big fish” behind these organizations.
Q. Does the HSA provide for the outlawing of “terrorist organizations?”
ANSWER:
Yes. Section 17 provides that an organization, association or group of persons that is organized for the purpose of engaging in terrorism, or, although not so organized, actually engages in acts of terrorism, may be outlawed or proscribed as a “terrorist organization.”
In FLAG’s view, the outlawing of organizations on the ground they are “terrorist” is not only vague and ambiguous; it is an open invitation to the authorities to muzzle free speech, to stifle the right to peaceably assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances.
Q. What is the penalty for the crimes of terrorism and conspiracy to commit terrorism?
ANSWER:
The penalty for the crime of terrorism is 40 years of imprisonment without benefit of parole. This is a new penalty not recognized by the Revised Penal Code.
The penalty for conspiracy to commit terrorism is also 40 years of imprisonment without the benefit of parole.
The penalty for accomplices is 17 years, 4 months and 1 day to 20 years of imprisonment.
The penalty for accessories is 10 years and 1 day to 12 years of imprisonment.
Q. Can the rights and liberties of a person merely suspected of terrorism be curtailed under the HSA? If so, in what manner can they be curtailed?
ANSWER:
Yes. It contains many provisions that allow the rights of mere suspects to be curtailed.
Section 26 provides that persons who have been charged with terrorism or conspiracy to commit terrorism—even if they have been granted bail because evidence of their guilt is not strong—can be:
Detained under house arrest;
Restricted from traveling; and/or
Prohibited from using any cellular phones, computers or other means of communicating with people outside their residence.
Section 19 provides that in the event of an actual or imminent terrorist attack, persons suspected of terrorism may be arrested and detained without charges for as long as the detention is approved by a judge of the municipal or regional trial court, the Sandiganbayan or a justice of the Court of Appeals nearest the place of the arrest or by “a municipal, city, provincial or regional office of a Human Rights Commission.”
It is not clear whether the “Human Rights Commission” mentioned here is the same as the constitutionally established Commission on Human Rights.
FLAG believes that these and other similar provisions violate the right to liberty, to be presumed innocent, to due process of law, to equal protection under the law, to a fair trial, to travel and to privacy of communication and correspondence.
Q. What is “custodial detention” and what are the rights of persons under custodial detention?
ANSWER:
Section 21 uses the term “custodial detention” but does not expressly define it. It would appear from the wording of this section, however, that “custodial detention” begins the moment a person is arrested and detained.
Section 21 provides:
“The moment a person charged with or suspected of the crime of terrorism or the crime of conspiracy to commit terrorism is apprehended or arrested and detained, he shall forthwith be informed, by the arresting police or law enforcement officers or by the police or law enforcement officers to whose custody the person concerned is brought, of his or her right: (a) to be informed of the nature and cause of his arrest, to remain silent and to have competent and independent counsel preferably of his choice. If the person cannot afford the services of counsel of his or her choice, the police or law enforcement officers concerned shall immediately contact the free legal assistance unit of the Integrated Bar of the Philippines or the Public Attorney’s Office, who are duty-bound to immediately visit the detainee and provide legal assistance. These rights cannot be waived except in writing and in the presence of counsel of choice; (b) informed of the cause or causes of his or her detention in the presence of counsel; (c) allowed to communicate freely with his legal counsel and to confer with them at any time without restriction; (d) allowed to communicate freely and privately without restrictions with the members of his family or with his nearest relatives and to be visited by them; and, (e) allowed freely to avail [himself or herself] of the services of a physician or physicians of choice.”
Violations of Section 21 by law enforcers are punishable by imprisonment of between 10 years and 1 day to 12 years.
Under Section 24, persons under investigation for the crime of terrorism or conspiracy to commit terrorism have the right to be free from torture, threat, intimidation, coercion or any act that inflicts physical pain or torment or mental, moral or psychological pressure that vitiates free will; any evidence obtained as a result thereof is not admissible in any judicial, quasi-judicial, legislative or administrative investigation or proceeding.The penalty for those who commit torture or any of the other acts mentioned above is imprisonment of between 12 years and 1 day to 20 years.
Q. What procedure must law enforcers follow before detaining a person they have arrested without warrant under the HSA?
ANSWER:
The second paragraph of Section 18 provides that the law enforcers must, before detaining arrested persons, present them before a judge at the latter’s residence or office nearest the place of arrest, at any time of the day or night.
The judge, among other things, must:
Ascertain the identity of the arresting officer; Ascertain the identity of the arrested person;
Inquire into the reasons for the arrest;
Determine, by questioning and personal observation, whether the arrested person was subjected to any physical, moral or psychological torture, by whom, and why; and
Within three calendar days from the time the arrested person was brought before him or her, submit a report to the court with jurisdiction over the arrested person, stating in detail what he or she observed when the arrested person was brought to him or her.
The third paragraph of Section 18, however, provides that “immediately after taking custody of a person charged with or suspected of the crime of terrorism or conspiracy to commit terrorism, the police or law enforcement personnel shall notify in writing the judge of the court nearest the place of apprehension or arrest; Provided, that where the arrest is made during Saturdays, Sundays, holidays or after office hours, the written notice shall be served at the residence of the judge nearest the place where the accused was arrested.”
In FLAG’s view, the two provisions are contradictory. While the first provision requires personal delivery of the arrested person to the judge nearest the place of arrest, the second provision appears to negate this requirement by requiring only a written notice to the judge nearest the place of arrest.
Q. Can government place suspects under surveillance, or tap into their private conversations and communications? How may this be done?
ANSWER:
Yes, if authorized by the “authorizing division” of the Court of Appeals.
In FLAG’s view, surveillance and wiretapping operations infringe on the rights to be presumed innocent and to privacy. Why should these rights be sacrificed because the investigating officers are incompetent, ineffective or unable to gather evidence in a lawful manner? Added to this, with current technology, the danger of fabricated recordings, spliced tapes and conversations taken out of context is real. The potential for abuse is frightening. Anyone who undertakes surveillance or wiretapping operations against terrorism suspects, without authority from the “authorizing division” of the Court of Appeals, shall be punishable by imprisonment of between 10 years and 1 day to 12 years.
Q. Will the subject of surveillance or wiretapping be informed about it?
ANSWER:
While the HSA states that it upholds the “right to be informed of the acts done by law enforcement authorities,” the subject of surveillance or wiretapping will only be informed of the surveillance or wiretapping if no case is filed against him or her. If the applicant fails to notify the subject of surveillance or wiretapping in writing within 30 days from the expiration of the operation, he or she shall be punished with imprisonment of between 10 years and 1 day to 12 years.
FLAG believes that this provision violates due process, since those under surveillance or wiretapping are barred from participating in the proceeding to the detriment of their life and liberty; they are not to be informed of the application or any such authorization order against them; they are not allowed to contest such application or any evidence that may be brought against them; neither are they allowed to present evidence on their own behalf. They will be subjected to invasion of their privacy rights without due process for up to 60 days by a battery of law enforcement officers, and any recordings made or evidence obtained in violation of their privacy and due process rights may be used in evidence against them.
Q. Can government examine bank deposits and finances, and seize, sequester or freeze assets of persons suspected or charged under the HSA?
ANSWER:
Yes. Under Section 27, bank deposits and finances may be examined if judicially authorized. Under Section 39, assets of (1) any person suspected of or charged with terrorism or conspiracy to commit terrorism before a competent regional trial court, (2) a judicially declared terrorist organization, and (3) members of a judicially declared terrorist organization “shall be seized, sequestered and frozen in order to prevent their use, transfer or conveyance for purposes that are inimical to the safety and security of the people or injurious to the interest of the State.” Unlike Section 27 however, Section 35 does not expressly require judicial authorization and is silent on which office or agency may authorize and implement such seizure, sequestration or freezing of assets.License to look into bank deposits
In FLAG’s view, the power to examine bank deposits and finances of persons or entities suspected of involvement in terrorism or conspiracy to commit terrorism is particularly alarming. Law enforcers are armed with the widest license to inquire into the bank deposits of persons who are merely assumed or perceived to be terrorists. Anyone could easily be assumed or perceived or suspected of being a terrorist. Even worse, these examinations could lead to incidents of extortion, blackmail or even be the basis for kidnapping committed by erring law enforcers or syndicates. Anyone who examines the bank deposits and finances of terrorism suspects, or members of outlawed terrorist organizations or outlawed terrorist organizations without authority from the “authorizing division” of the Court of Appeals, shall be punishable by imprisonment of between 10 years and 1 day to 12 years.
Q. Who authorizes government’s inquiries into bank deposits and finances of terrorism suspects or members of outlawed terrorist organizations or outlawed terrorist organizations?
ANSWER:
The justices of the Court of Appeals “designated as a special court to handle antiterrorism cases” are authorized to allow government to inquire into the bank deposits and finances of terrorism suspects, if they are “satisfied” that probable cause exists to warrant such examination. They may authorize: The examination of the deposits, placements, trust accounts, assets and records in a bank or financial institution; and The gathering of any relevant information about such deposits, placements, trust accounts, assets and records in a bank or financial institution.
Q. Will the subject of the examination be informed that it is being done?
ANSWER:
Persons whose bank deposits and finances are being examined will only be informed about it if no case is filed against him or her after the period of examination. If the applicant fails to notify the subject of the examination in writing within 30 days from the expiration of the examination, he or she shall be punishable by imprisonment of between 10 years and 1 day to 12 years.
FLAG reiterates that this provision violates the due process and property rights of those whose bank deposits and finances are under examination.
Q. Does the HSA penalize law enforcers and government officials who misuse the law?
ANSWER:
Yes. Section 50 provides that any person accused of terrorism who is later acquitted by the court shall be entitled to the payment of P500, 000 in damages for every day that he or she has been detained or deprived of liberty or arrested without a warrant as a result of such an accusation. The amount of damages shall be automatically charged against the appropriations of the police agency or the Anti-Terrorism Council that brought or sanctioned the filing of the charges against the accused. The payment of damages must be released within 15 days from the date of the acquittal. In addition, the award of damages shall be without prejudice to the filing of criminal or administrative charges against those responsible for the unproven charge.
Section 41 provides that persons whose properties are seized, sequestered or frozen, but who are later acquitted or the cases against them dismissed, are entitled to P500, 000 a day for the period in which their properties were seized, sequestered or frozen. The amount shall be taken from the appropriations of the police or law enforcement agency that caused the filing of the charges.
Other sections of the Act—for instance, Sections 11-16 and 35—provide various penalties for acts committed by law enforcers in violation of the law. While most of these sections impose a penalty of imprisonment for a certain period of time, a few sections provide that evidence seized as a result of illegal police actions may not be used against the accused.
Q. Why should I care about the Human Security Act? It’s only for terrorists.
ANSWER:
The HSA is so vague that it can be used against just about anyone, including you or me. The law is so sweeping that it can be used to curtail the rights of persons merely suspected of terrorism, even if they have been granted bail because evidence of their guilt is not strong. And the law is so dangerous that, unless repealed, it will destroy the Bill of Rights of the Constitution and rip apart the very fabric of our democratic system.
SOURCE: INQUIRER (July 15, 2007)
By: Jose Manuel I. Diokno: Chairperson of the Free Legal Assistance Group (FLAG)